Pakadali pano, miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi ya zida zaukadaulo wazidziwitso ndi zida zomvera ndi makanema ndi IEC60950, IEC60065, kukula kwawo ndi 2000m pamwamba pa nyanja kumunsi kwa dera, makamaka m'malo owuma komanso nyengo yotentha kapena yotentha kugwiritsa ntchito zida, komanso Kutalika kwa malo otsika otsika kwambiri pachitetezo chachitetezo cha zida kuyenera kuwonetsedwa pazokhazikika.

Dziko lapansi lili ndi malo okwana masikweya kilomita 19.8 miliyoni pamwamba pa 2000m pamwamba pa nyanja, kuwirikiza kawiri kukula kwa China.Madera okwerawa amagawidwa makamaka ku Asia ndi South America, komwe mayiko ndi zigawo zambiri ku South America ndizoposa 2000m pamwamba pa nyanja ndipo kumakhala anthu.Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachuma komanso kutsika kwa moyo m'maiko ndi maderawa, kuchuluka kwa zida zodziwikiratu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa standardization kumachepa kwambiri ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo saganiziranso zina. zofunika chitetezo pamwamba pa 2,000 mamita.Ngakhale kuti United States ndi Canada, zomwe zili kumpoto kwa America, zapanga chuma ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazidziwitso ndi zipangizo zamagetsi, palibe pafupifupi anthu omwe amakhala pamwamba pa 2000m, kotero kuti UL ya United States ilibe zofunikira zowonjezera pazovuta zochepa. .Kuonjezera apo, mayiko ambiri omwe ali m’bungwe la IEC ali ku Ulaya, kumene malo ake ndi otsika.Ndi mayiko ochepa okha, monga Austria ndi Slovenia, omwe ali ndi magawo pamwamba pa 2000m pamwamba pa nyanja, madera ambiri amapiri, nyengo yovuta komanso anthu ochepa.Chifukwa chake, mulingo wa EN60950 waku Europe ndi muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi IEC60950 samaganizira momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira pamwamba pa 2000m pachitetezo chazidziwitso ndi zida zomvera ndi makanema. Pokhapokha mulingo wa zida za IEC61010:2001 (Kuyeza, kuwongolera ndi labotale yamagetsi). Equipment Safety) yapereka kukwera pang'ono kwa kukonza kwa chilolezo chamagetsi.Zotsatira za kutalika kwakukulu pakutchinjiriza zimaperekedwa mu IEC664A, koma zotsatira za kukwera kwakukulu pakukwera kwa kutentha sizikuganiziridwa.

Chifukwa cha malo omwe ali m'maiko ambiri omwe ali mamembala a IEC, zida zaukadaulo wazidziwitso ndi zida zomvera ndi makanema zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunyumba ndi kuofesi, ndipo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opitilira 2000m, kotero sizimaganiziridwa.Zida zamagetsi, monga ma motors, ma transformer ndi zida zina zamagetsi zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ovuta monga mapiri, kotero amaganiziridwa pamiyeso yamagetsi ndi zida zoyezera.

Ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha China ndi kuzama kwa kusintha ndi kutsegulira ndondomeko, zinthu zamagetsi za dziko lathu zapangidwa mofulumira, malo ogwiritsira ntchito zamagetsi ndi ochulukirapo, ndipo amatenga gawo lofunika kwambiri nthawi zambiri.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chidwi chowonjezereka chimaperekedwa ku chitetezo cha zinthu zamagetsi.

1.Mkhalidwe wa kafukufuku ndi kakulidwe kamiyezo yachitetezo chazinthu zamagetsi.

Popeza kusintha ndi kutsegula, akale mu zoweta pakompyuta mankhwala mfundo chitetezo miyezo kafukufuku, chitetezo mayeso ndi certification wachita ntchito yambiri, mu chiphunzitso mfundo za chitetezo chapita patsogolo ndithu, pa nthawi yomweyo mosalekeza kutsatira mfundo mayiko. ndi chidziwitso chaukadaulo chamayiko otukuka, Miyezo yadziko monga GB4943 (chitetezo cha zida zaukadaulo wazidziwitso), GB8898 (zofunikira pachitetezo cha zida zomvera ndi makanema) ndi GB4793 (chitetezo cha zida zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera, kuwongolera ndi labotale) zapangidwa, koma ambiri mwa miyezo imeneyi ndi ndinazolowera zinthu zachilengedwe pansi pa 2000m pamwamba pa nyanja, ndipo China ali ndi dera lalikulu.Mikhalidwe ya malo ndi nyengo ndi zovuta kwambiri.Dera lakumpoto chakumadzulo kuli mapiri, okhala ndi anthu ambiri okhala kumeneko.Madera opitilira 1000m amakhala 60% ya malo onse aku China, omwe ali pamwamba pa 2000m amakhala 33%, ndipo omwe ali pamwamba pa 3000m amakhala 16%.Pakati pawo, madera omwe ali pamwamba pa 2000m amakhala makamaka ku Tibet, Qinghai, Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinling Mountains ndi mapiri akumadzulo a Xinjiang, kuphatikizapo Kunming, Xining, Lhasa ndi mizinda ina yachigawo yomwe ili ndi anthu ambiri, maderawa ali ndi chuma chachilengedwe mwamsanga. kufunikira kwa chitukuko, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha kumadzulo kwa dziko, padzakhala matalente ambiri ndi ndalama zambiri m'maderawa, zipangizo zamakono zamakono ndi zida zomvera ndi mavidiyo zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito mochuluka.

Kuphatikiza apo, panthawi yomwe tidalowa nawo ku WTO, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuteteza ufulu ndi zokonda za ogula aku China pogwiritsa ntchito luso osati njira zoyang'anira.Maiko ambiri otukuka onse amaika patsogolo zofunika zapadera mogwirizana ndi zokonda zawo potumiza zinthu zamagetsi molingana ndi momwe zilili.Motere, mumateteza chuma chanu komanso ogula anu.Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira madera okwera pazinthu zamagetsi, makamaka pachitetezo.

2.Chikoka cha kupsinjika kochepa pachitetezo chachitetezo cha zinthu zamagetsi.

Kutsika kwapanikizi komwe kwakambidwa mu pepalali kumangokhudza kupanikizika kwamtunda, osati ndege, zamlengalenga, zamlengalenga komanso zachilengedwe zopitilira 6000m.Popeza pali anthu ochepa omwe amakhala m'malo opitilira 6000m, kukhudzidwa kwachilengedwe kwapansi pa 6000m pachitetezo chazinthu zamagetsi kumatanthauzidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa zokambirana,Kuyerekeza kutengera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana pamwamba ndi pansi pa 2000m pachitetezo chazinthu zamagetsi. .Malinga ndi maulamuliro apadziko lonse lapansi komanso zotsatira za kafukufuku waposachedwa, zotsatira za kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya pachitetezo cha zinthu zamagetsi zimawonetsedwa makamaka pazifukwa izi:

(1) Gasi kapena madzi akutuluka mu chipolopolo chotsekedwa
(2) Chidebe chosindikizira chathyoledwa kapena kuphulika
(3) Chikoka cha kutsika kwapansi pa kutchinjiriza kwa mpweya (kusiyana kwamagetsi)
(4) Mphamvu ya kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono pakuyenda bwino kwa kutentha (kukwera kwa kutentha)

Mu pepala ili, zotsatira za kutsika kwapansi pa kutsekemera kwa mpweya ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kumakambidwa.Chifukwa kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono chilengedwe sikukhala ndi zotsatirapo zolimbitsa thupi, kotero sizikuganiziridwa.

3 Zotsatira za kutsika kochepa pamagetsi owonongeka a gap yamagetsi.

Ma conductor omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popatula ma voltages owopsa kapena kuthekera kosiyana makamaka amadalira zida zoteteza.Zida zotetezera ndi dielectric zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.Iwo ali otsika madutsidwe, koma iwo ali mwamtheradi sanali conductive.Insulation resistivity ndiye mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yazinthu zotsekera zomwe zimagawidwa ndi kachulukidwe kameneka kakudutsa muzosungira.The conductivity ndi kubwereza kwa resistivity.Pazifukwa zachitetezo, nthawi zambiri timayembekeza kuti kukana kwa insulation ya zida zotetezera ndikokulirapo momwe kungathekere.Zida zotetezera makamaka zimaphatikizapo zida zotetezera gasi, zida zotetezera zamadzimadzi ndi zida zotetezera zolimba, ndi mpweya wapakati ndi olimba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zomvera ndi mavidiyo kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha kutchinjiriza, kotero ubwino wa insulating sing'anga umakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo magwiridwe antchito.